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Charles Gounod.

Charles-François Gounod (IPA: [ɡuno]; June 171 1818 – October 182 1893) was a French composer, best known for his Ave Maria as well as his operas Faust and Roméo et Juliette.

Contents

Biography

Gounod was born in Paris, the son of a pianist mother and a draftsman father. His mother was his first piano teacher. Under her tutelage, Gounod first showed his musical talents. He entered the Paris Conservatoire where he studied under Fromental Halévy.

Caricature from Punch, 1882.

He won the Prix de Rome in 1839 for his cantata Ferdinand.

He subsequently went to Italy where he studied the music of Palestrina. He concentrated on religious music of the sixteenth century. Around 1846-47 Gounod began studying for the priesthood but changed his mind and went back to composition3.

Gounod eventually returned to Paris and composed the "Messe Solennelle", also known as the "Saint Cecilia Mass". This work was first performed in London during 1851 and began his reputation as a noteworthy composer.

He wrote two symphonies in 1855. His Symphony No. 1 in D major was the inspiration for the Symphony in C, composed later that same year by Georges Bizet, who was then Gounod's 17 year old student. Despite their charm and brilliance, Gounod's symphonies are seldom performed. Recordings of the symphonies include those by Michel Plasson conducting the Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse and Sir Neville Marriner with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields for Philips Records.

Gounod wrote his first opera, Sapho, in 1851, but had no great success until Faust (1859), based on the play by Goethe. This remains his best-known work. The romantic and highly melodious Roméo et Juliette (based on the Shakespeare play), premiered in 1867, is also performed and recorded regularly. The charming and highly individual Mireille of 1864 is admired by connoisseurs.

There was a minor controversy surrounding Faust. Many critics believed it was a great advancement over Gounod's previous works, but one critic went so far as to state his doubt that Gounod composed it, which prompted Gounod to challenge the critic to a duel. The critic withdrew his statement.citation needed

From 1870 to 1874 Gounod lived in England, becoming the first conductor of what is now the Royal Choral Society. Much of Gounod's music from this time is vocal or choral in nature. He became entangled with the amateur English singer Georgina Weldon4, a relationship which ended in considerable acrimony5.

Fanny Mendelssohn introduced the keyboard music of J.S. Bach to Gounod, who came to worship the composer as a god. For him, The Well-Tempered Clavier was "the law to pianoforte study ... the unquestioned textbook of musical composition".

Later in his life, Gounod returned to his early religious impulses, writing much religious music. His earlier work included an improvisation of a melody over the C major Prelude (BWV 846) from The Well-Tempered Clavier, to which in 1859 Gounod set the words of Ave Maria, resulting in his composition Ave Maria, a setting that became world-famous.6. He also wrote Inno e Marcia Pontificale, now the official national anthem of the Vatican City.

He died in 1893 in Saint-Cloud, France, as he put the finishing touches to a requiem "Le Grand Requiem" inspired by the death of his grandson, a major work which he was never to hear performed.

One of his short pieces, Funeral March of a Marionette, became well known as the theme to Alfred Hitchcock Presents.

Compositions

Charles Gounod in 1859, the year of the premiere of Faust

Operas

Oratorios

  • Tobie (c. 1866)
  • Gallia (1871)
  • Jésus sur le lac de Tibériade (1878)
  • La rédemption (1882) (commissioned for, and premiered at the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival)
  • Christus factus est (1883)
  • Mors et Vita (1884)
  • Requiem (1893)
Charles Gounod's burial site (Auteuil, Paris, France)

Symphonies

  • Symphony No. 1 in D major (1855) (probably begun around 1843)7
  • Symphony No. 2 in E flat major (1855)

Chamber music

  • String Quartet in A minor (Old No.3)
  • String Quartet No.1 in C minor "Le petit quatuor"
  • String Quartet No.2 in A Major
  • String Quartet No.3 in F Major
  • Petite Symphonie pour neuf instruments à vent (1885) 'Little Symphony for Winds'

Instrumental

Sources

  • Sadie, S. (ed.) (1980) The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, [vol. # 7].

References

  • "Charles Gounod: Works". Charles GOUNOD: The Website !. Retrieved on March 31, 2005.
  • Scholes, The Oxford Companion to Music, 10th ed., pp. 416-417.
  1. ^ Baker's 7th ed.; also Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, online
  2. ^ ibid, James Harding's Gounod (Stein & Day, 1973) gives October 17 as does [1]
  3. ^ Cooper M. French Music from the death of Berlioz to the death of Fauré. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1951.
  4. ^ Weldon G. My Orphanage and Gounod in England. London, 1882.
  5. ^ Huebner S. The Operas of Charles Gounod. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990.
  6. ^ Joan Benson: Bach and the Clavier
  7. ^ Steinberg, Michael (2008). "Program Notes for a Performance of Bizet's Symphony". San Francisco Symphony. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
  8. ^ Richard K. Fitzgerald (2006-07-25). "Gounod’s "Roméo et Juliette" at Wolf Trap".

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