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Contents

Launches

This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1991.


← Jan • Feb • Mar • Apr • May • Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep • Oct • Nov • Dec →
Launch date and time Rocket Launch
site		 Launch contractor Payload Operator Orbit Mission
function		 Re-entry or
destruction		 Outcome Remarks
8 January, 00:53:01 GMT Delta II 7925 LC-17B, Cape Canaveral McDonnell Douglas NATO-4A NATO GEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
14 January, 14:50:27 GMT Soyuz-U2 LC-1, Baikonur RVSN Progress M-6 MOM LEO, docked to Mir Resupply Mir 15 March 1991 Successful
15 January, 23:10:49 GMT Ariane 4 (44L) ELA-2, CSG Arianespace Italsat 1 ASI GSO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Eutelsat 2F2 Eutelsat GSO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
17 January, 10:30 GMT Soyuz-U LC-16/2, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2121 (Zenit-8) MOM LEO Reconnaissance satellite 10 February 1991 Successful
17 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 17 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
18 January, 11:34 GMT Tsyklon-2 Baikonur RVSN Kosmos-2122 (US-P) MO SSSR LEO Naval reconnaissance 28 March 1993 Successful
19 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 19 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
19 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 19 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
19 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 19 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 January, 18:43 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 20 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 January, 18:43 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 20 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 08:29 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 08:29 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 09:42 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January, 19:18 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Al Jubayl 21 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 00:41 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at air force base, intercepted by Patriot ABM, warhead fell on a civilian neighbourhood.
22 January, 00:41 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 00:41 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 04:10 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at US Air Force base. Intercepted by Patriot ABM, but still hit target.
22 January, 04:10 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January, 04:10 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January Zhinui Haikou CALT CALT Sub-orbital Test flight 22 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
23 January, 19:54 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 23 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 23 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 23 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 23 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 January, 19:54 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 23 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 January, 19:23 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 25 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, hit Saudi Department of Inerior.
25 January, 19:23 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 25 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 25 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January, 00:28 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 26 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January, 06:25 GMT Black Brant IX LC-36, White Sands NASA NASA/JHU Sub-orbital Ultraviolet astronomy 26 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 January, 19:46 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 26 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 26 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
28 January, 17:55 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 28 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at downtown Riyadh, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris damaged a farm.
28 January, 18:24:24 GMT ERIS Meck Island, Kwajalein Atoll US Air Force ERIS US Air Force Sub-orbital Interceptor test 28 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi)
Intercepted Aries rocket
28 January, 18:03:00 GMT Minuteman IB LF-03, Vandenberg AFB US Air Force US Air Force Sub-orbital Target 28 January 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
29 January, 11:59:58 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-133/3, Plesetsk RVSN Informator-1 MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
2 February, 21:41 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 2 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 February Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 2 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 February Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 2 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
5 February, 02:36 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-133/3, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2123 (Tsikada) MO SSSR LEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
6 February, 07:29 GMT LCLV Wallops Island Orbital NRL Sub-orbital Plasma research 6 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 510 kilometres (320 mi)
6 February, 17:30 GMT MR-12 Kapustin Yar MO SSSR MO SSSR Sub-orbital Plasma research 6 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
7 February, 08:15 GMT Topol' Plesetsk RVSN RVSN Sub-orbital Test flight 7 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 February, 18:15 GMT Soyuz-U LC-16/2, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2124 (Yantar-4K2) MOM LEO 7 April 1991 Successful
7 February, 22:54 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 7 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
11 February, 19:20 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 11 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
11 February Prithvi Sriharikota IDRDL IDRDL Sub-orbital Test flight 11 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
12 February, 02:44 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-133/3, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2125 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2126 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2127 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2128 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2129 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2130 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2131 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2132 (Strela-1M) MO SSSR LEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
12 February, 03:29 GMT S-520 Andøya ISAS ISAS Sub-orbital Auroral 12 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 353 kilometres (219 mi)
12 February, 09:11:54 GMT Black Brant XII Poker Flat NASA TOPAZ-3 NASA Sub-orbital Plasma research 12 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 February, 08:45 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack King Khalid Military City 14 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi), hit King Khalid Military City.
14 February, 08:45 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Hafir Al Batin 14 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
14 February, 08:31:56 GMT Proton-K/DM-2 LC-200/39, Baikonur RVSN Kosmos-2133 (Prognoz) MOM GEO Missile defence Still in orbit Successful so far
15 February, 09:30 GMT Soyuz-U Baikonur RVSN Kosmos-2134 (Yantar-1KFT) MOM LEO Reconnaissance satellite 1 April 1991 Successful
15 February, 15:19 GMT Molniya-M LC-43/3, Plesetsk RVSN Molniya-1-80 MOM Molniya Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
15 February, 23:01 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Al Jubayl 15 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
16 February, 13:00 GMT S-520 LA-K, Kagoshima ISAS ISAS Sub-orbital Ultraviolet astronomy 16 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 337 kilometres (209 mi)
18 February, 14:30 GMT Strypi-XI LC-1, Barking Sands SDIO Bow Shock 2 SDIO Sub-orbital Reentry Test 18 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
21 February, 14:06 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack King Khalid Military City 21 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February, 14:06 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack King Khalid Military City 21 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February, 18:00 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack King Khalid Military City 21 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February, 23:31 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Bahrain 21 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 February, 19:46 GMT Black Brant IX LC-36, White Sands NASA NASA Sub-orbital Solar research 22 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
23 February, 01:59 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 23 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
23 February, 01:59 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 23 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February, 01:32 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 24 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris fell on a school.
24 February, 06:23 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 24 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February, 09:17 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Riyadh 24 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel 24 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 February, 17:32 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Dhahran 25 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Hit US Army barracks, killing 28 and injuring 110.
25 February, 22:26 GMT Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Qatar 25 February 1991 Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 February, 04:53:06 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-133/3, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2135 (Parus) MO SSSR LEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
28 February, 05:30:00 GMT Proton-K/DM-2 LC-81/23, Baikonur RVSN Raduga-27 MOM GSO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
February Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel Within an hour of launch Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
February Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel Within an hour of launch Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
February Al Hussein Iraq IQAF HE warhead IQAF Sub-orbital Attack Israel Within an hour of launch Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 March, 23:36:00 GMT Ariane 4 (44LP) ELA-2, CSG Arianespace Astra-1B SES Astra GEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
Meteosat 5 ESA/EUMETSAT GEO Weather satellite Still in orbit Successful so far
6 March, 15:30 GMT Soyuz-U LC-16/2, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2136 (Zenit-8) MOM LEO Reconnaissance satellite 20 March 1991 Successful
8 March, 12:03 GMT Titan IVA (403A) SLC-4E, Vandenberg AFB US Air Force USA-69 (Lacrosse-2) US NRO LEO Radar reconniassance Still in orbit Successful, still in operation First Titan IV launch from Vandenberg AFB
Oldest operational reconnaissance satellite as of 2008.
8 March, 23:03 GMT Delta II 6925 LC-17B, Cape Canaveral McDonnell Douglas Inmarsat 2F2 Inmarsat GEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
12 March, 19:29:04 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-133/3, Plesetsk RVSN Nadezhda-3 MO SSSR LEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
12 March Peacekeeper LF-02, Vandenberg AFB US Air Force US Air Force Sub-orbital Operational test flight 12 March 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 March, 10:15 GMT Black Brant IX LC-36, White Sands NASA SXT NASA/UoC Sub-orbital X-Ray astronomy 18 March 1991 Successful Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 March, 13:05:15 GMT Soyuz-U2 LC-1/5, Baikonur RVSN Progress M-7 MOM LEO, docked to Mir Resupply Mir 7 May 1991 Successful
19 March, 14:30 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-132/1, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2137 (Taifun-1) MO SSSR LEO Radar calibration 3 April 1995 Successful
19 March Trident C-4 Submarine, WTR US Navy US Navy Sub-orbital Operational test flight 19 March 1991 Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
19 March Trident C-4 Submarine, WTR US Navy US Navy Sub-orbital Operational test flight 19 March 1991 Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
22 March, 12:19:59 GMT Molniya-M LC-43/4, Plesetsk RVSN Molniya-3-55L MOM Molniya Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
23 March, 07:00 GMT Black Brant IX LC-36, White Sands NASA MAMA NASA Sub-orbital Ultraviolet astronomy 23 March 1991 Successful Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 March, 13:45 GMT Soyuz-U LC-16/2, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2138 (Yantar-4K2) MOM LEO Reconnaissance satellite 24 May 1991 Successful
30 March, 02:27 GMT Black Brant IX LC-36, White Sands NASA NASA Sub-orbital Aeronomy 30 March 1991 Successful Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
31 March, 15:12:00 GMT Proton-K LC-200/40, Baikonur RVSN Almaz-1 MOM LEO Radar reconnaissance 17 October 1992 Successful
4 April, 10:47:12 GMT Proton-K/DM-2 LC-200/39, Baikonur RVSN Kosmos-2139 (GLONASS) MOM MEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2140 (GLONASS) MOM MEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
Kosmos-2141 (GLONASS) MOM MEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
4 April, 23:33:00 GMT Ariane 4 (44P) ELA-2, CSG Arianespace Anik E2 Telesat GEO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
5 April, 14:22:45 GMT Space Shuttle Atlantis LC-39B, Kennedy USA STS-37 NASA LEO Manned orbital flight 11 April 1991 Successful
Compton GRO NASA LEO Gamma ray astronomy 4 June 2000 Successful
5 April, 14:05 GMT Topol' Plesetsk RVSN RVSN Sub-orbital Test flight 5 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
9 April, 18:50 GMT Skylark 7 LA-S, Esrange DLR SISSI-4 DLR Sub-orbital Aeronomy 9 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 245 kilometres (152 mi)
9 April, 18:18 GMT Viper 3A Esrange DLR DLR Sub-orbital Aeronomy 9 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
9 April, 19:20 GMT Viper 3A Esrange DLR DLR Sub-orbital Aeronomy 9 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
12 April HPB Wallops Island Orbital Orbital Sub-orbital Target 12 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)
13 April, 00:09 GMT Delta II 7925 LC-17B, Cape Canaveral McDonnell Douglas Spacenet 4 GE Americom GSO Comsat Still in orbit Successful so far
15 April, 22:10 GMT Trident D-5 USS West Virginia, ETR US Navy DASO-6 US Navy Sub-orbital Operational test flight 15 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 April, 07:21:42 GMT Kosmos-3M LC-132/1, Plesetsk RVSN Kosmos-2142 (Parus) MO SSSR LEO Navigation Still in orbit Successful so far
17 April, 07:46 GMT Black Brant 10CM1 Wallops Island SDIO SPFE-2 SDIO Sub-orbital Technology demonstration 17 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
18 April, 18:33 GMT Midgetman TP-01, Vandenberg AFB US Air Force US Air Force Sub-orbital Test flight 18 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 April, 23:30 GMT Atlas I LC-36B, Cape Canaveral General Dynamics Yuri 3H BSAT Intended: GEO Comsat T+361 seconds Failure Destroyed by RSO after upper stage turbopump malfunction
Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi)
24 April, 01:37:00 GMT Tsyklon-3 Plesetsk RVSN Meteor-3-4 MO SSSR LEO Weather satellite Still in orbit Successful so far
25 April, 18:00 GMT Nike-Orion Poker Flat NASA CWAS-19 NASA Sub-orbital Aeronomy 25 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
28 April, 11:33:14 GMT Space Shuttle Discovery LC-39A, Kennedy USA STS-39 NASA LEO Manned orbital flight 6 May 1991 Successful
IBSS-SPAS SDIO LEO Scientific research Successful
USA-70 (MPEC) DARPA LEO Technology development 13 May 1991 Successful
CRO-C SDIO LEO Chemical release 14 May 1991 Successful
CRO-B SDIO LEO Chemical release 12 May 1991 Successful
CRO-A SDIO LEO Chemical release 13 May 1991 Successful
29 April